AWA: Academic Writing at Auckland
Title: Essay plan: 'natural' environment, value and use
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Copyright: Kate Smallwood
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Description: This plan relates to the Geography Discussion essay: "Hauraki Gulf: Conflicts between stakeholders and challenges for management" which addressed the following topic:
'People use and value the 'natural' environment in many different, and sometimes conflicting, ways. Using examples discuss the challenges this presents for managing the environment.'
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Writing features
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Essay plan: 'natural' environment, value and use
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People use and value the ‘natural’ environment / in many different, / and sometimes conflicting, ways. Using examples discuss the / challenges this presents for / managing the environment.
CASE STUDY: HAURAKI GULF
Problems this causes for management: How do these groups conflict and why? What can be done?
ECOTOURISM VS FISHING: How is fishing conducted (could it harm target animals such as dolphins)? Could vessels strike target animals such as whales or dolphins? What effects is catching large amounts of prey species going to have on the ecosystem they live in, and therefore on them? (DUNCAN)
Could things which benefit ecotourism such as marine reserves diminish the rights of fishermen by creating more spaces where they cannot fish?
COMMERCIAL VERSUS RECREATIONAL FISHING: Jealousy between groups. Recreational fishing is less restricted than commercial fishing, and at times harder to enforce. However for recreational fishers Fisheries management/resource management/marine protection don’t incorporate interests – PEART
By commercial fishing companies fishing to maximum economic yield means that recreational fishers cannot get as much fish, and those they can catch are not as large (commercial fisheries extract all larger fish) – PEART, …..?
ITQ good for large commercial fisheries because they are making profit, and so can afford to buy quota from other fishermen, however smaller local fisheries are not as able to purchase quota. This means that it is more difficult for them to continue fishing. This impacts on coastal communities (such as Waiheke and others in Hauraki Gulf) – DUNCAN
IWI/OTHER NEW ZEALANDERS: Conservation VS Economic Value Intrinsic Value: Both fishing and ecotourism have the ability to damage the environment. Ecotourism affects the foraging behaviour of dolphins, and could therefore be detrimental to their welfare. Fishing (especially commercial) removes large amount of specific species from the Hauraki Gulf, therefore affecting its ecology e.g. kelp barrens.
Economic Value: Although to some extent the stakeholders come into conflict with each other both bring considerable economic benefits for New Zealand. This money could be used to help local communities (However in the case of commercial fisheries where does this money really go and who benefits from it if most of it is used as profits overseas). Work provided by commercial fisheries is important for local fishermen/communities who can no longer afford to get by fishing by themselves or with small fishing companies. (However the reason they can no longer afford to run their own companies is that their quota has been bought by larger, more economically interested companies. Typically less concern for environment?)
Regulations put in place by New Zealanders to protect environmental or economic interests may conflict with the views or desires of the above stakeholders.
References
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